The ‘apparent clearance’ of free phenytoin in elderly vs. younger adults

Article date: July 2010

By: Daniel F. B. Wright, Evan J. Begg, in Volume 70, Issue 1, pages 132-138

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT

AIMS

To test the hypothesis that the ‘apparent clearance’ of free phenytoin is reduced in elderly patients.

METHODS

Two separate studies were conducted comparing free phenytoin ‘apparent clearance’ in elderly vs. younger adults. The first study was a retrospective analysis of free phenytoin concentrations measured at Christchurch Hospital from 1997 to 2006. In the second study free phenytoin concentrations were measured prospectively in ambulatory subjects who were taking phenytoin regularly.

RESULTS

In the retrospective study (n= 29), free phenytoin ‘apparent clearance’ was 0.27 ± 0.04 l kg−1 day−1 (95% CI 0.19, 0.34) in the elderly cohort vs. 0.37 ± 0.06 l kg−1 day−1 (95% CI 0.22, 0.52) in younger adults, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the prospective study, free phenytoin ‘apparent clearance’ showed a non‐significant trend to being reduced in the elderly patients (0.12 ± 0.02 l kg−1 day−1, 95% CI 0.07, 0.17) compared with the younger cohort (0.18 ± 0.07 l kg−1 day−1, 95% CI 0.09, 0.26) in those not taking interacting drugs (n= 21).

CONCLUSIONS

This research does not prove the hypothesis that the ‘apparent clearance’ of free phenytoin is reduced in the elderly. However, the trends found in these two studies are supported by trends in the same direction in other published studies, suggesting an age effect.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03673.x

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